During what time period did significant progress occur in the field of science and technology, specifically regarding astronomy?

The Renaissance was a pivotal period that profoundly influenced various fields, including science and technology, particularly astronomy. This era, spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, marked a revival of interest in the classical ideas of ancient Greece and Rome, which greatly affected scientific inquiry.

One of the most notable advancements in astronomy during this time was the shift from the geocentric model, where the Earth was believed to be the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus. This revolutionary idea, later supported by the observations of astronomers like Galileo Galilei—who utilized the telescope to observe celestial bodies—and Johannes Kepler, who formulated the laws of planetary motion, fundamentally changed humankind's understanding of its place in the cosmos.

The Renaissance laid the groundwork for the scientific method, emphasizing observation and experimentation over dogmatic beliefs. This reframing of scientific inquiry was crucial not only for astronomy but also for the broader fields of science and technology, setting the stage for future advancements during the Age of Enlightenment and beyond.

In contrast, the other time periods mentioned did contribute to advancements in various ways but lacked the same focused transformation in astronomical thought and methodology evident during the Renaissance.