What concept describes the ongoing conflict between two groups, as proposed by a noted economist?

The concept of "class struggle" refers to the ongoing conflict between different socioeconomic classes, primarily as articulated by economist and philosopher Karl Marx. This idea emphasizes the tensions and conflicts that arise due to the differing interests of those who own the means of production (the bourgeoisie) and those who do not (the proletariat). It highlights how economic inequalities and class differences lead to social strife, impacting societal structures and relationships.

By focusing on the conflict inherent in economic disparities, "class struggle" serves as a foundational element in Marxist theory and critiques of capitalism, illustrating how economic forces shape social dynamics. This concept is crucial for understanding broader historical and social movements, as it frames much of the discourse around labor rights, social justice, and economic policy.

The other options, while significant in economics, do not capture the essence of a conflict between groups. Market equilibrium relates to a state where supply equals demand, supply and demand describes the relationship affecting prices and quantities in a market, and consumer behavior pertains to how individuals make purchasing decisions. None of these concepts directly represents the idea of ongoing conflict between social groups in the way that class struggle does.