What cultural movement sparked new curiosity and learning during the period leading to expanded trade routes?

The Renaissance was a significant cultural movement that emerged in Europe during the late 14th to the 17th century, fundamentally transforming art, philosophy, science, and education. This period is characterized by a renewed interest in the classical knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome, which encouraged curiosity and exploration. Scholars and artists began to prioritize humanism—focusing on human potential and achievements—leading to advancements in various fields.

As trade routes expanded, this revitalization of learning facilitated the exchange of ideas, cultures, and materials across continents. The Renaissance contributed to technological innovations, such as improved navigational instruments and map-making, which were crucial for exploration. This thirst for knowledge and discovery directly influenced the Age of Exploration, where increased trade and cultural exchanges became prevalent.

While the Enlightenment, Reformation, and Industrial Revolution also played crucial roles in shaping society, their timelines and primary focuses differ. The Enlightenment revolved around reason and individual rights in the 17th and 18th centuries, the Reformation dealt with religious reforms and conflicts primarily in the 16th century, and the Industrial Revolution was centered on industrial and technological advancements in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Thus, the Renaissance is the key movement that most