What is the term for individuals who create maps?

The correct term for individuals who create maps is "cartographers." A cartographer specializes in the art and science of map-making, which involves not only the technical skills needed to represent geographical features accurately but also an understanding of how to convey information effectively through visual means. Cartographers consider factors like scale, projection, and the aesthetics of the map to help users understand spatial relationships and navigate the world.

In contrast, geographers study the Earth's landscapes, environments, and the relationships between people and their environments. While they may use maps in their research, their focus is broader and includes analysis of spatial patterns and processes.

Historians primarily focus on the study of past events and the context surrounding them. They may utilize maps as tools to illustrate historical developments, but map-making is not their primary function.

Surveyors, while essential in measuring land and determining property boundaries, play a different role that may involve the creation of some types of maps, especially topographical ones, but they are not exclusively map creators in the way that cartographers are. Thus, the distinct role of creating maps firmly identifies cartographers as the correct answer.