What was a key characteristic of the political philosophy influencing the Declaration of Independence?

The key characteristic of the political philosophy influencing the Declaration of Independence is the focus on individual rights. This concept is deeply rooted in Enlightenment ideals, particularly those articulated by philosophers such as John Locke, who argued that individuals possess inherent rights to life, liberty, and property. The Declaration echoes these principles, asserting that governments are instituted to secure these rights and that when a government fails to do so, the people have the right to alter or abolish it.

This emphasis on individual rights reflects a significant shift in thinking about governance, moving away from the idea of rule by a monarch or elite group and towards the belief in the importance of the individual's role in society and governance. The Declaration itself lists grievances against the British Crown, highlighting how the rights of the colonists were being violated, and it ultimately asserts the colonies' right to self-determination based on these principles.

In contrast, the other answer options—emphasis on monarchical rule, promotion of authoritarian governance, and advocacy for colonial loyalty to Britain—represent concepts that the Declaration actively opposes. The document asserts independence from the monarchy and rejects the notion of government that does not recognize or protect the rights of individuals.