Which amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime?

The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution is the law that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, specifically stating that neither can exist within the United States or its jurisdictions, except as a punishment for a crime. This amendment, ratified in 1865, marks a pivotal moment in American history as it formally ended the institution of slavery, which had existed in various forms for centuries. It fundamentally changed the social and legal landscape of the nation and laid the groundwork for future civil rights advancements.

The significance of this amendment lies in its commitment to freedom and equality, making it a cornerstone of civil rights legislation. The provision allowing involuntary servitude as punishment for a crime has been the focus of discussions about mass incarceration and systemic inequalities in the justice system, revealing ongoing issues related to this historical context. Understanding the 13th Amendment is essential when studying the legal end to slavery and the evolution of civil rights in the United States.