Which amendment guarantees freedoms of religion, speech, press, and assembly?

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is fundamental in safeguarding several key liberties that are central to a democratic society. Specifically, it guarantees individuals the freedoms of religion, speech, press, and assembly. This amendment was ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights and establishes the principle that the government cannot restrict these freedoms as it is crucial for the functioning of a free society.

The freedoms of religion ensure that individuals can practice their faith without governmental interference, fostering a diverse and pluralistic society. Freedom of speech protects individuals' rights to express their thoughts and ideas, promoting open discourse and debate—an essential component of democracy. The freedom of the press allows for independent journalism and media infrastructure, ensuring that the public is informed and can hold power accountable. Lastly, the right to assemble grants people the ability to gather peacefully for any purpose, often used in the context of protests and advocacy for social change.

The other amendments mentioned do not encompass the same range of freedoms associated with expression and assembly. The Fifth Amendment focuses on legal protections during criminal proceedings, the Third Amendment pertains to the housing of soldiers, and the Second Amendment addresses the right to bear arms. Thus, the First Amendment stands out as the cornerstone of American civil liberties.