Which principle of government separation helps to prevent any single branch from gaining too much power?

The principle of checks and balances is crucial in ensuring that no single branch of government—executive, legislative, or judicial—gains excessive power and influence. This system creates a framework where each branch has specific powers and responsibilities, along with the authority to limit the powers of the others. For example, the legislative branch can make laws, but the executive branch has the power to veto those laws. Meanwhile, the judicial branch interprets laws and can declare them unconstitutional, thus checking both legislative and executive actions. This interdependence requires collaboration and oversight, which operates to preserve a balanced government and protect democratic principles.

The other principles listed do not directly serve this specific purpose as effectively. Democratic governance refers broadly to the representation and participation of citizens in political decision-making. Judicial independence pertains to the ability of judges to make decisions free from influence or intimidation, which is essential for upholding the rule of law but does not directly involve inter-branch checks. Executive privilege allows the president to maintain confidentiality of certain communications, which can potentially obscure accountability rather than promote balance. Thus, checks and balances stands out as the principle specifically designed to prevent the consolidation of power within any one branch of government.